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Martinsyde G.100 "Elephant"
role : light bomber
first flight : August 1915 operational : March 1916
country : United-Kingdom
design : A.A.Fletcher
production : 100 aircraft
general information :
While not particularly successful as a fighter owing to its poor agility by comparison other fighters of the times, the Elephant performed a useful service in long-range bombing, carrying up to a 260 lb (120 kg) bomb load. It successfully performed this role from the summer of 1916 through to late 1917. It was also used for long-range photo reconnaissance, where stability and endurance were required (the type was capable of a five-and-a-half-hour flight. Also it was used for ground attack with two 51 kg bombs attached to the wings.
users : RFC
crew : 1
armament : 1 fixed 7.70 [mm] (0.303 in) Lewis machine-gun on top plane
later also provision for a MG firing to the rear on a bracket mounting
engine : 1 Beardmore liquid-cooled 6 -cylinder inline engine 120 [hp](88.3 KW)
dimensions :
wingspan : 11.58 [m], length : 8.08 [m], height : 2.94[m]
wing area : 38.09 [m^2]
weights :
max.take-off weight : 1099 [kg]
empty weight operational (estimation): 750.0 [kg] bombload : 104 [kg]
performance :
maximum speed : 153 [km/u] op 1981 [m]
service ceiling : 4267 [m]
endurance : 5.5 [hours]
estimated action radius : 379 [km]
description :
2-bay biplane with fixed landing gear and tail strut
two spar upper and lower wing
engines, landing gear, fuel and bombs in or attached to the fuselage
airscrew :
fixed pitch 2 -bladed tractor airscrew with max. efficiency :0.66 [ ]
estimated diameter airscrew 2.71 [m]
angle of attack prop : 19.15 [ ]
reduction : 1.00 [ ]
airscrew revs : 1150 [r.p.m.]
pitch at Max speed 2.22 [m]
blade-tip speed at Vmax and max revs. : 169 [m/s]
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
mean wing chord : 1.64 [m]
calculated wing chord (rounded tips): 1.83 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 7.04 []
estimated gap : 1.43 [m]
gap/chord : 0.87 [ ]
seize (span*length*height) : 275 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 2.2 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption(cruise speed) : 22.6 [kg/hr] (30.9 [litre/hr]) at 66 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 6.09 [km/kg]
estimated total fuel capacity : 193 [litre] (141 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 247.0 [kg] = 2.80 [kg/KW]
weight 18 litre oil tank : 1.6 [kg]
oil tank filled with 0.7 litre oil : 0.6 [kg]
oil in engine 5 litre oil : 4.4 [kg]
fuel in engine 1 litre fuel : 0.4 [kg]
weight 13 litre gravity patrol tank(s) : 2.0 [kg]
weight radiator : 12.6 [kg]
weight exhaust pipes & fuel lines 11.2 [kg]
weight cowling 3.5 [kg]
weight airscrew(s) (wood) incl. boss & bolts : 19.0 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 301 [kg](27.4 [%])
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fuselage skeleton (wood gauge : 6.96 [cm]): 100 [kg]
bracing : 5.7 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 12.3 [m2] doped linen fabric) : 3.9 [kg]
weight controls + indicators: 6.2 [kg]
weight seats : 3.0 [kg]
weight other details, lighting set, etc. : 5.1 [kg]
weight bomb storage : 7.3 [kg]
weight 180 [litre] main fuel tank empty : 14.4 [kg]
weight engine mounts & firewalls : 4 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 150 [kg](13.7 [%])
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weight wing covering (doped linen fabric) : 24 [kg]
total weight ribs (55 ribs) : 65 [kg]
load on front upper spar (clmax) per running metre : 780.5 [N]
load on rear upper spar (vmax) per running metre : 258.4 [N]
total weight 8 spars : 60 [kg]
weight wings : 150 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 3.93 [kg]
weight 8 interplane struts & cabane : 13.8 [kg]
weight cables (67 [m]) : 6.3 [kg] (= 94 [gram] per metre)
diameter cable : 3.9 [mm]
weight fin & rudder (1.6 [m2]) : 6.3 [kg]
weight stabilizer & elevator (4.3 [m2]): 17.1 [kg]
total weight wing surfaces & bracing : 193 [kg] (17.6 [%])
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weight machine-gun(s) : 12.7 [kg]
weight quadrant mounting and Bowden cable : 1.5 [kg]
weight armament : 14 [kg]
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wheel pressure : 549.5 [kg]
weight 2 wheels (750 [mm] by 94 [mm]) : 24.4 [kg]
weight tailskid : 2.9 [kg]
weight undercarriage with axle 37.1 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 64.4 [kg] (5.9 [%]
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calculated empty weight : 723 [kg](65.8 [%])
weight oil for 6.6 hours flying : 14.6 [kg]
weight cooling fluids : 19.1 [kg]
weight 5 drums empty : 1.0 [kg]
weight ammunition (235 rounds) : 7.5 [kg]
weight automatic pistol with spare magazines : 1.2 [kg]
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calculated operational weight empty : 765 [kg] (69.6 [%])
estimated operational weight empty : 750 [kg] (68.2 [%])
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weight crew : 81 [kg]
weight fuel for 2.0 hours flying : 45 [kg]
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operational weight : 891 [kg](81.1 [%])
bomb load : 104 [kg]
operational weight bombing mission : 995 [kg]
fuel reserve : 96 [kg] enough for 4.24 [hours] flying
possible additional useful load : 8 [kg]
operational weight fully loaded : 1099 [kg] with fuel tank filled for 100 [%]
published maximum take-off weight : 1099 [kg] (100.0 [%])
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calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (Take-off) : 12.45 [kg/kW]
total power : 88.3 [kW] at 1150 [r.p.m]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 2.9 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 3.0 [g] ultimate load : 4.5 [g] load factor : 2.3 [g]
design flight time : 3.85 [hours]
design cycles : 494 sorties, design hours : 1900 [hours]
wing loading (MTOW) : 283 [N/m^2]
wing stress (3 g) during operation : 196 [N/kg] at 3g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.45 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle) : 12.38 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 1.59 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° :0.12 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.15 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.25 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0051 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0296 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0245 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
stalling speed at sea-level (OW): 65 [km/u]
landing speed at sea-level (OW without bombload): 78 [km/hr]
min. drag speed (max endurance) : 104 [km/hr] at 2134 [m](power :42 [%])
min. power speed (max range) : 108 [km/hr] at 2134 [m] (power:43 [%])
max. rate of climb speed : 98.5 [km/hr] at sea-level
cruising speed : 138 [km/hr] op 2134 [m] (power:59 [%])
design speed prop : 145 [km/hr]
maximum speed : 153 [km/hr] op 1981 [m] (power:75 [%])
climbing speed at sea-level (without bombload) : 214 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
take-off distance at sea-level : 208 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 11.27 [ ]
max. practical ceiling : 4475 [m] with flying weight :849 [kg]
2nd/Lt Sidney Thompson of 27 sq. flying a Martinsyde G 100 Elephant reg.7276 became the 26th victim of Offizier Stellvetreter Max Müller of Jasta 28 flying a Albatros D.V reg D1154/17.. Thompson was shot down on August 21st 1917 at Bouilly Max Müller of Jagdstaffel 28 was flying Albatros D. V. D1154/17.
On 3rd September Müller was awarded the Order Pour Le Merite, the 29th German aviator to be so rewarded. Credited with 38 victories he was shot down in flames on 9th January 1918. He was posthumously awarded the Military Max-Joseph Order on 7th November 1918. The picture above depicts Max Müller attacking Lieutenant Sidney Thompson of 27 Squadron Royal Flying Corps.
Damage is caused to Thompson's fuel tanks and engine and he is forced down behind enemy lines at Billy near La Bassee to become a prisoner of war.
There are 3 data, for this kill, 14 July 1917, 21 Augustus or99 24 Augustus 1917, 21 august is more certain the right date.
On August 21st 1917 27 Squadron lost three more pilots in a sprawling dogfight which took place just east of Seclin.Engaged by a mixed bunch of Albatross scouts, captain G. K. Smith and 2/Lt D. P. Cox were both shot down and killed.
practical ceiling (operational weight): 4200 [m] with flying weight :891 [kg]
practical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 1 hour fuel) : 3100 [m] with flying weight :1076 [kg]
published ceiling (4267 [m]
climb to 1500m (without bombload) : 7.96 [min]
climb to 3000m (without bombload) : 20.50 [min]
max. dive speed : 410.2 [km/hr] at 2100 [m] height
load factor at max. angle turn 1.68 ["g"]
turn radius at 500m: 49 [m]
time needed for 360* turn 12.0 [seconds] at 500m
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
operational endurance : 6.24 [hours] with 1 crew and 112 [kg] bombload and 100.0 [%] fuel
published endurance : 5.50 [hours] with 1 crew and possible useful (bomb) load : 128 [kg] and 88.1 [%] fuel
action radius : 709 [km] with 1 crew and 20[kg] photo camera/radio transmitter or bombload
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks for total 357 [litre] fuel : 1592 [km]
useful load with action-radius 250km : 171 [kg]
production : 23.51 [tonkm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 1.06 [kg]
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Literature :
Jane's FAWOI page 70f
Bomber 1914-1939 page 43
Praktisch handboek vliegtuigen deel I page 188
fighters 1914-19 page 122
warplanes WOI page 60
They fought for the sky page 113
Armament of British Aircraft 1909-1939 page 267
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program. For copyright on drawings/photographs/
content please mail to below mail address
(c) B van der Zalm 23 September 2019 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com python 3.7.4